Perennial companion planting is widespread among gardeners who want to create a diverse, healthy, and sustainable garden ecosystem.

Leatherwood (Dirca palustris), Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum), and Wild Geranium (Geranium maculatum) are all native North American woodland plants that can grow together in a naturalized garden setting. While they may not necessarily provide specific benefits to each other, they can create a beautiful and diverse naturalistic planting that enhances the overall health and biodiversity of the ecosystem.

Perennial companion plants are:

• Plants that grow alongside other perennials.
• Providing mutual benefits such as improved growth.
• Pest control.
• Soil improvement.

Leatherwood is a shrub that prefers moist to wet, well-drained soil and partial to full shade and is often found growing in swamps, wetlands, or along stream banks. Mayapple is a herbaceous perennial that prefers moist, well-drained soil and partial to full shade. Wild Geranium is also a herbaceous perennial that likes partial to full shade and moist, well-drained soil but can tolerate slightly drier conditions than Mayapple.

Leatherwood can provide a vertical element when planted together, while Mayapple and Wild Geranium can offer a lush ground cover. Leatherwood's unique bark and foliage can also provide visual interest and texture in the understory planting.

Additionally, these plants can provide a habitat for wildlife, such as birds, butterflies, and bees. Mayapple and Wild Geranium produce nectar-rich flowers that attract pollinators, while Leatherwood's fruits can provide food for birds and small mammals.

Overall, Leatherwood, Mayapple, and Wild Geranium can make excellent companion plants in a naturalized garden or woodland setting, creating a diverse and beautiful planting that supports the health and biodiversity of the ecosystem.

Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum), Wild Geranium (Geranium maculatum), and Leatherwood (Dirca palustris) are three native North American woodland plants that can grow together as companion plants in a naturalized garden or woodland setting.

Mayapple is a herbaceous perennial that prefers moist, well-drained soil and partial to full shade. It is often found growing in colonies in deciduous woodlands. Mayapple's leaves form an umbrella-like canopy that provides shade and shelter for other plants, making it an excellent ground cover for the woodland garden.

Wild Geranium is a herbaceous perennial that prefers full to partial shade and moist soil. It produces attractive pink or lavender flowers that attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies.

Leatherwood is a shrub that prefers moist to wet, well-drained soil and partial to full shade. It is often found growing in swamps, wetlands, or along stream banks. Leatherwood's unique bark and foliage can provide visual interest and texture in the understory planting.

When planted together, these three plants can create a diverse and beautiful naturalistic planting that supports the health and biodiversity of the ecosystem. Mayapple and Wild Geranium can provide a lush ground cover, while Leatherwood can offer a vertical element to the planting. Additionally, these plants can provide a habitat for wildlife, such as birds, butterflies, and bees.

While these plants may not necessarily provide specific benefits to each other, such as pest control or improved growth, they can coexist harmoniously, each occupying its niche in the ecosystem. In a naturalized setting, companion planting with these three native woodland plants can create a beautiful and diverse planting that enhances the overall health and biodiversity of the ecosystem.

Some examples of perennial companion plants and their benefits include:

Comfrey: Comfrey is a perennial herb known for its deep roots that can bring up nutrients from the soil. It is often used as a "green manure" or mulch to improve soil fertility. Comfrey is also believed to attract beneficial insects and deter harmful pests.

Chives: Chives are a perennial herb that produces small, purple flowers that attract beneficial insects such as bees and butterflies. They are also believed to repel harmful pests such as aphids and Japanese beetles.

Yarrow is a perennial herb that produces attractive flowers that attract beneficial insects such as ladybugs, lacewings, and hoverflies. Yarrow is also believed to improve soil fertility and help control soil-borne pests.

Echinacea is a perennial flower that attracts pollinators such as bees and butterflies. It can help boost the immune system.

Daylilies are perennial flowers that produce attractive flowers and can help prevent erosion on hillsides. They are also believed to be beneficial to nearby plants by providing shade and conserving moisture in the soil.

These are just a few examples of perennial companion plants and their benefits. When selecting perennial companion plants, it's essential to consider each plant's growing conditions and needs to ensure they will thrive together. Perennial companion planting can create a diverse and healthy garden ecosystem that supports the growth and well-being of all plants.